This study investigated effects of  insulin-like growth factor I on brain Aβ levels in APP/PS2 Tg mice. IGF-1 is a neurotrophic hormone that might be involved in the pathogenesis of AD through its ability to regulate brain Aβ  clearance. In this study, treatment of these deteriorated mice with a systemic slow release formulation of IGF-I significantly ameliorated AD-like disturbances. Thus, IGF-I enhanced cognitive performance, decreased brain Aβ  load, increased the levels of synaptic proteins, and reduced astrogliosis associated to Aβ  plaques. The beneficial effects of IGF-I were associated to a significant increase in brain Aβ  complexed to protein carriers such as albumin, apolipoprotein J or transthyretin. This study suggests that accumulation of Aβ  in AD may be due to impaired degradation/clearance rather than increased production. Therefore, enhancement of Aβ clearance through upregulation of Aβ  carriers and transport through the blood-brain-barriers may be of therapeutic benefit in AD related amyloidosis.